Which of the following techniques provides quantitative data?

Spectral analysis is the technique that provides quantitative data in ultrasound imaging. This method analyzes the frequency and velocity of blood flow or tissue motion and displays it as a waveform. The resulting spectral Doppler waveform gives critical measurement parameters such as peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and the presence of flow disturbances. This quantitative data is valuable for assessing blood flow characteristics and diagnosing vascular conditions.

Other techniques listed do not focus primarily on providing quantitative data. Amplitude mode displays the amplitude of reflected echoes but does not facilitate measurement of velocity or flow dynamics. Duplex imaging combines B-mode and Doppler techniques, allowing visualization of blood flow alongside anatomical structures but does not specifically quantify data on its own. Color flow imaging provides information on the direction and relative velocity of flow using color coding, which is qualitative in nature rather than providing precise numerical measurements.